Inkinga enkulu ngokusebenzisa i-enum ku-Python ukuthi kungaba nzima ukuphrinta zonke izinketho zayo. I-Enums ichazwa kumojuli, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyingenisa kuqala. Bese, ungasebenzisa igama le-enum njengokuguquguquka ukuze ufinyelele amalungu ayo:
kusuka ku-enum yokungenisa i-Enum
Enum.name
for option in dir(enum):
if not option.startswith('_'):
print(option)
Ikhodi idlula kuzo zonke izinketho kumojula ye-enum. Uma inketho ingaqali nge-underscore, iphrinta inketho.
Umtapo wezincwadi we-Enum
Umtapo wezincwadi we-enum osePython umtapo wolwazi ohlinzeka ngesethi yama-constants amelela izinhlobo ezibaliwe. Ama-Enum angasetshenziswa ukumela izinketho ezahlukene, amanani, noma izifunda, futhi angasetshenziswa esikhundleni samanani avamile angaguquki.
Ama-Enum awusizo ekuchazeni izinhlobo zangokwezifiso ezingasetshenziswa kukhodi yakho ngaphandle kokukhathazeka mayelana nokumelwa kwezinombolo okuyisisekelo. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa i-enum ukumela izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafayela, noma izinguqulo ezihlukile zephakheji yesofthiwe.
Ukuze udale i-enum ku-Python, okokuqala udinga ukudala ikilasi elichaza uhlobo olubaliwe. Ikilasi kufanele libe nezinto ezimbalwa ezilula: isihlonzi (isibonelo, “enumFileType”), uhlu lwamanani angaba khona (isibonelo, [“txt”, “rtf”, “doc”]), kanye nendlela ebuyisela inani elihambelanayo (ngokwesibonelo, getFileType()).
Uma usudale ikilasi, udinga ukungeza isibonelo sekilasi kukhodi yakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa igama elingukhiye le-enum elilandelwa igama lekilasi. Isibonelo, uma ubufuna ukwakha i-enum ebizwa ngokuthi “enumFileType” futhi ugcine amanani ayo ezintweni eziguquguqukayo eziqanjwe “fileType1” kanye “fileType2”, ungabhala:
enumFileType = {'txt': fileType1, 'rtf': fileType2 }
Izibalo
Izibalo ziwuhlobo lwedatha kuPython olukuvumela ukuthi ugcine uhlu lwamanani ahlukile. Ziyafana nezinhlaka, kodwa azinawo umkhawulo kasayizi othize. Ungakha ukubala ngokusebenzisa igama elingukhiye le-enum.
umbala we-enum { obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka }
Ungasebenzisa amanani ekubaleni njengoba ubungenza kunoma yikuphi okunye okuguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ungawasebenzisa esitatimendeni esinemibandela noma njengengxenye yeluphu. Ungakwazi futhi ukwabela ukubala kokuguquguqukayo usebenzisa igama elingukhiye le-enum.
umbala myColor = blue;
Ukufinyelela ngohlelo
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuthola ukufinyelela okuhleliwe kudatha kuPython. Indlela elula ukusebenzisa imojula eyakhelwe ngaphakathi i-urllib2. Le mojula inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esilula sokufinyelela ama-URL nokuthola okuqukethwe kulawo ma-URL.
Enye indlela yokuthola ukufinyelela okuhleliwe kudatha ukusebenzisa izicelo zelabhulali. Izicelo zinikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esibanzi nesinamandla sokusebenza nezinsiza zewebhu, okuhlanganisa ukufinyelela amakhukhi, ukulanda amafayela, nokwenza izicelo zokuTHUMELA.
