Babban matsalar da ke da alaƙa da ɗakin karatu na http Python ita ce ba ta da sauƙin amfani. Zai iya zama da wahala ga masu farawa su fahimta da amfani, saboda yana buƙatar ilimi mai yawa game da ka'idar HTTP da ci gaban yanar gizo gabaɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, ɗakin karatu ba ya samar da kowane ginanniyar kuskure ko iya gyara matsala, yana sa ya zama da wahala a warware matsalolin da ka iya tasowa yayin amfani da ɗakin karatu.
import http.client
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection("www.example.com")
conn.request("GET", "/")
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print(r1.status, r1.reason)
1. Wannan layin yana shigo da tsarin http.client, wanda ke ba da hanyar sadarwa don yin buƙatun HTTP.
2. Wannan layin yana haifar da haɗi zuwa gidan yanar gizon www.example.com ta amfani da ka'idar HTTPS (wanda ya fi HTTP tsaro).
3. Wannan layin yana aika buƙatar GET zuwa tushen directory na www.example.com (watau "/").
4. Wannan layin yana adana martanin daga www.example.com a cikin ma'auni mai suna r1, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi don samun bayanai game da amsa (kamar matsayinsa da dalilinsa).
5. A ƙarshe, wannan layin yana fitar da matsayi da dalilin amsa daga www.example.com (misali, "200 OK" ko "404 Ba a samo ba").
Menene HTTP lib a Python
HTTP lib a Python ɗakin karatu ne wanda ke ba da hanyar sadarwa ta abokin ciniki ta HTTP. Yana ba masu haɓaka damar aikawa da karɓar bayanai ta intanet ta amfani da ka'idar Canja wurin Hypertext (HTTP). Laburaren yana goyan bayan hanyoyi daban-daban na tantancewa, gami da asali, narkewa, da NTLM. Hakanan yana goyan bayan nau'ikan buƙatu daban-daban kamar SAMU, POST, SAKA, GAME DA KAI. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da tallafi don kukis da turawa. HTTP lib a cikin Python kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci don haɓaka gidan yanar gizo yayin da yake sauƙaƙa aiwatar da buƙatu zuwa sabar yanar gizo da sarrafa martani daga gare su.
Yadda ake haɗa HTTP a Python
Python yana ba da adadi da yawa don samun damar intanet da aiki tare da HTTP, gami da:
1. urllib: Wannan shine ainihin tsarin aiki tare da URLs a Python. Yana ba da ayyuka don buɗewa da karanta bayanai daga URLs, da ayyuka don ɓoyewa da yanke bayanai.
2. buƙatun: Wannan sanannen ɗakin karatu ne na ɓangare na uku wanda ke sauƙaƙe yin buƙatun HTTP a Python. Yana goyan bayan duk hanyoyin HTTP gama gari (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE da dai sauransu), da kuma tantancewa da kukis.
3. httplib: Wannan ita ce ƙaƙƙarfan hanyar sadarwa don yin buƙatun HTTP a cikin Python. Yana goyan bayan duk hanyoyin HTTP gama gari (GET, POST, PUT da dai sauransu), amma baya goyan bayan tantancewa ko kukis daga cikin akwatin.
Don haɗawa da uwar garken HTTP ta amfani da kowane ɗayan waɗannan kayayyaki, da farko kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar abun haɗi ta hanyar wuce shi URL ɗin da kuke son haɗawa zuwa:
shigo da urllib
conn = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.example.com/')
# ko amfani da buƙatun
shigo da buƙatun
conn = requests.get ('http://www.example/com')
Da zarar kun ƙirƙiri abin haɗin ku zaku iya amfani da shi don aika buƙatar HTTP ta hanyar kiran hanyar buƙatarsa () tare da igiyoyi mai ɗauke da hanyar da kuke so (misali GET ko POST) da kowane ƙarin sigogin da kuke son haɗawa cikin buƙatarku (misali. headers). Misali:
# amfani da urllib
amsa = conn .request('GET', '/hanya/zuwa/ albarkatun')
# ko amfani da buƙatun
amsa = conn .request ('POST', '/hanya/zuwa/ albarkatun', data=data)
Abin da aka mayar da martani zai ƙunshi bayani game da lambar matsayi da uwar garken ta dawo (misali 200 Ok), duk wani kanun labarai da sabar ta aika da duk wani abun ciki da aka mayar don amsa buƙatarku (misali HTML).
mafi kyawun abokan ciniki Python HTTP
1. Buƙatun: Buƙatun sanannen ɗakin karatu ne na Python don yin buƙatun HTTP. Abu ne mai sauƙi don amfani kuma yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa, gami da goyan bayan hanyoyin tabbatarwa da yawa, haɗa haɗin haɗin gwiwa, ƙaddamar da abun ciki ta atomatik, da ƙari.
2. Urllib3: Urllib3 wani shahararren ɗakin karatu ne na Python don yin buƙatun HTTP. Yana goyan bayan hanyoyin tantancewa daban-daban, haɗa haɗin haɗin gwiwa, ƙaddamar da abun ciki ta atomatik, da ƙari.
3. Aiohttp: Aiohttp ɗakin karatu ne na Python asynchronous don yin buƙatun HTTP. Yana goyan bayan hanyoyin tantancewa daban-daban, haɗa haɗin haɗin gwiwa, ƙaddamar da abun ciki ta atomatik, da ƙari.
4. httplib2: httplib2 babban ɗakin karatu ne na Python don yin buƙatun HTTP wanda ke goyan bayan hanyoyin tabbatarwa daban-daban da kuma caching da abubuwan damfara don rage yawan amfani da bandwidth lokacin aika bayanai masu yawa akan hanyar sadarwa.
