Inkinga enkulu ehlobene nama-OOP kuPython ukuntuleka kosekelo lwamafa amaningi. I-Python isekela ifa elilodwa kuphela, okusho ukuthi ikilasi lingathola ifa lesigaba somzali oyedwa. Lokhu kungase kube nomkhawulo lapho uzama ukumodela ubudlelwano bomhlaba wangempela obuyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba bukhawulela ikhono lokudala amakilasi ngamaleveli amaningi okukhipha. Ukwengeza, ayikho indlela eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokuphoqelela i-encapsulation ku-Python, okwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha nokugcina ukufundwa kwekhodi.
class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model, year):
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.year = year
def get_make(self):
return self.make
def get_model(self):
return self.model
def get_year(self):
return self.year
# Lo mugqa wakha ikilasi elibizwa ngeMoto.
Imoto yekilasi:
# Lo mugqa uchaza indlela __init__, esetshenziswa ukuqalisa izimfanelo zento lapho idalwa. Kuthatha amapharamitha amathathu - ukwenza, imodeli kanye nonyaka - futhi iwanikeze izici zento.
def __init__(self, make, model, year):
self.make = make
self.model = imodeli
self.year = unyaka
# Lo mugqa uchaza indlela ebizwa ngokuthi get_make ebuyisela inani lesichasiso sokwenza into.
def get_make(self):
zibuyise.zenza
# Lo mugqa uchaza indlela ebizwa ngokuthi get_model ebuyisela inani lesichasiso semodeli sento.
def get_model(self):
buyisela wena.imodeli
# Lo mugqa uchaza indlela ebizwa ngokuthi get_year ebuyisela inani lesici sonyaka sento.
def get_year(self):
buyela ngokwakho.unyaka
Ukuhlela okugxile entweni
I-Object-oriented programming (OOP) iwuhlelo lwepharadigm olusebenzisa izinto nokusebenzisana kwazo ukuklama izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo zekhompyutha. I-OOP ku-Python igxile ekudaleni ikhodi esebenziseka kabusha ngomqondo wefa, i-encapsulation, i-abstraction, ne-polymorphism. Ifa livumela abahleli bezinhlelo ukuthi bakhe amakilasi azuza njengefa izibaluli ezivela kwamanye amakilasi. I-encapsulation ifihla imininingwane yangaphakathi yento ekufinyeleleni ngaphandle kuyilapho ukufinyela kwenza ikhodi eyinkimbinkimbi ibe lula ngokufihla imininingwane engadingekile. I-Polymorphism ivumela izinto ezihlukene ukuthi zabelane ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esifanayo kuyilapho into ngayinye ingaba nokuqaliswa kwayo okuhlukile kwesixhumi esibonakalayo. I-OOP ku-Python futhi yenza kube lula ukugcina nokuguqula ikhodi ekhona njengoba izinto ezintsha zingadalwa ngokuhluka okuncane kukhodi ekhona.
Uhlelo oluqondiswe entweni uma luqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zenqubo
I-Object-oriented programming (OOP) iwuhlelo lwepharadigm olusebenzisa izinto nokusebenzisana kwazo ukuklama izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo zekhompyutha. Igxila kudatha engaphakathi kwezinto, kanye nezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuzikhohlisa. I-OOP ivumela onjiniyela ukuthi bakhe ikhodi esebenziseka kabusha engashintshwa kalula futhi inwetshwe.
Ukuhlelwa kwenqubo kuwuhlobo lwezinhlelo lapho imiyalelo ibhalwa khona ngendlela yesinyathelo nesinyathelo, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi ngokuphumelelayo. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlelo lugxile ekuhlukaniseni izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe izingcezu ezincane, ezilawulekayo ezingaxazululwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ku-Python, womabili ama-paradigm agxile entweni kanye nenqubo asekelwa. Ukuhlela okugxile entweni kuvumela ukuhlelwa okungcono kwekhodi ngokudala amakilasi nezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha kulo lonke uhlelo. Ukuhlelwa kwenqubo kwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe izingcezu ezincane ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi noma izinqubo ezingabizwa izikhathi eziningi ngamapharamitha ahlukene.
Imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-OOPs ku-Python
I-Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) iyipharamitha yokuhlela esebenzisa izinto nokusebenzisana kwazo ukuklama izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo zekhompyutha. Ku-Python, imiqondo ye-OOP isetshenziselwa ukudala amakilasi, asetshenziselwa ukudala izinto. Amakilasi aqukethe izibaluli zedatha nezindlela ezingafinyelelwa yizinto ezidalwe kuzo. Izinto zingase futhi zihlanganyele zodwa ngefa, ukwakheka, kanye ne-polymorphism. Ama-OOP asiza onjiniyela bakhe ikhodi esebenza kahle ngokunciphisa inani lekhodi elidingekayo ukwenza umsebenzi. Iphinde ivumele ukuhlelwa okungcono kwekhodi nokugcinwa okulula.
