Ingxaki ephambili enxulumene ne-OOPs kwiPython kukunqongophala kwenkxaso yelifa elininzi. I-Python ixhasa kuphela ilifa elinye, okuthetha ukuba iklasi inokuzuzwa kuphela kwiklasi yomzali omnye. Oku kunokuba ngumda xa uzama ukwenza imodeli yobudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo behlabathi lokwenyani, njengoko kuthintela isakhono sokwenza iiklasi ezinamanqanaba amaninzi okutsalwa. Ukongezelela, akukho ndlela eyakhelweyo yokunyanzelisa i-encapsulation kwiPython, eyenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwedatha kunye nokugcina ukufundwa kwekhowudi.
class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model, year):
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.year = year
def get_make(self):
return self.make
def get_model(self):
return self.model
def get_year(self):
return self.year
# Lo mgca wenza iklasi ebizwa ngokuba yiMoto.
iklasi imoto:
# Lo mgca uchaza indlela __init__, esetyenziswa ukuqalisa iimpawu zento xa isenziwa. Kuthatha iiparamitha ezintathu - ukwenza, imodeli kunye nonyaka - kwaye ibanike iimpawu zento.
def __init__(isiqu, zenzele, imodeli, unyaka):
self.make = yenza
self.model = imodeli
self.year = unyaka
# Lo mgca uchaza indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi get_make ebuyisela ixabiso lokwenza uphawu lwento.
def fumana_zenzele (uzenzele):
zibuyisele ngokwakho.zenza
# Lo mgca uchaza indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi get_model ebuyisela ixabiso lemodeli yoyelelwano lwento.
def get_model(self):
buyisela self.imodeli
# Lo mgca uchaza indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi get_year ebuyisela ixabiso leempawu zonyaka zento.
def get_year(self):
buyela ngokwakho.nyaka
Inkqubo ejolise kwinjongo
Inkqubo ejoliswe kwizinto (OOP) yiparadigm yeprogram esebenzisa izinto kunye nokusebenzisana kwazo ukuyila izicelo kunye neenkqubo zekhompyutha. I-OOP kwiPython igxile ekudaleni ikhowudi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona ngombono welifa, i-encapsulation, i-abstraction, kunye ne-polymorphism. Ilifa livumela abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba benze iiklasi ezifumana ilifa kwezinye iiklasi. I-encapsulation ifihla iinkcukacha zangaphakathi zento ekufikeleleni ngaphandle ngelixa i-abstraction yenza lula ikhowudi enzima ngokufihla iinkcukacha ezingeyomfuneko. I-Polymorphism ivumela izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuba zabelane ngojongano olufanayo ngelixa into nganye inokuba nokuphunyezwa kwayo okwahlukileyo kojongano. I-OOP kwiPython iphinda yenza kube lula ukugcina nokuguqula ikhowudi ekhoyo njengoko izinto ezintsha zinokudalwa kunye nokwahlukana okuncinci kwikhowudi ekhoyo.
Udweliso lwenkqubo olujolise kwinjongo vs inkqubo yenkqubo
Inkqubo ejoliswe kwizinto (OOP) yiparadigm yeprogram esebenzisa izinto kunye nokusebenzisana kwazo ukuyila izicelo kunye neenkqubo zekhompyutha. Igxininisa kwidatha engaphakathi kwezinto, kunye neendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukuzisebenzisa. I-OOP ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba benze ikhowudi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona enokuguqulwa ngokulula kwaye yandiswe.
Inkqubo yenkqubo luhlobo lwenkqubo apho imiyalelo ibhalwe ngendlela yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo, evumela ukuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo kwemisebenzi. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo lujolise ekwahluleni iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo zibe ziingceba ezincinci, ezilawulekayo ezinokusonjululwa enye ngexesha.
Kwi-Python, zombini iiparadigms ezijoliswe kwizinto kunye nenkqubo yenkqubo ziyaxhaswa. Inkqubo ejolise kwizinto ivumela ukulungelelaniswa kwekhowudi ngokudala iiklasi kunye nezinto ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwakhona kulo lonke inkqubo. Inkqubo yenkqubo yenza kube lula ukwaphula iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi okanye iinkqubo ezinokubizwa ngamaxesha amaninzi ngeeparamitha ezahlukeneyo.
Iingcamango ezisisiseko zee-OOPs kwiPython
INkqubo eJongene neNjongo (OOP) yiparadigm yenkqubo esebenzisa izinto kunye nokusebenzisana kwazo ukuyila izicelo kunye neenkqubo zekhompyuter. KwiPython, iikhonsepthi ze-OOP zisetyenziselwa ukudala iiklasi, ezisetyenziselwa ukudala izinto. Iiklasi ziqulethe iimpawu zedatha kunye neendlela ezinokufumaneka kwizinto ezenziwe kuzo. Izinto zinokusebenzisana ngokufumana ilifa, ukwakheka kunye nepolymorphism. I-OOPs inceda abaphuhlisi benze ikhowudi esebenzayo ngakumbi ngokunciphisa inani lekhowudi efunekayo ukwenza umsebenzi. Ikwavumela ukulungelelaniswa kwekhowudi engcono kunye nokugcinwa lula.
